Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, with over 5 million cases diagnosed annually. According to the American Cancer Society, early detection of skin cancer significantly improves survival rates, especially for the deadliest form, melanoma. At Chesapeake Oncology-Hematology Associates (COHA), we prioritize raising awareness about the importance of skin cancer screening and early detection, as it can save lives.
Skin cancer occurs when the DNA in skin cells becomes damaged, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. This is often caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. While anyone can develop skin cancer, individuals with fair skin, a history of sunburns, or excessive sun exposure are at a higher risk.
Familiarizing yourself with the different types of skin cancer can help you recognize early warning signs and seek timely medical attention.
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. BCC typically appears as a small, pearly bump or a flesh-colored mole and most commonly develops on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and arms. Although it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, if left untreated, BCC can cause tissue damage and disfigurement.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a red, scaly patch, an open sore, or a wart-like growth that may crust or bleed. Unlike BCC, SCC has the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. It typically affects areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, and hands.
3. Melanoma
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. It can develop from existing moles or appear as a new dark spot on the skin. Melanoma is often asymmetrical with irregular borders and can change in size, shape, or color over time.
4. Less Common Types
Other types of skin cancer include Merkel cell carcinoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Merkel cell carcinoma is a fast-growing cancer that can spread quickly, while DFSP is a slow-growing cancer that rarely spreads but can be locally aggressive.
Early detection of skin cancer is crucial for improving survival rates and minimizing the need for invasive treatments. For example, the five-year survival rate for early-stage melanoma is around 99%, but it drops significantly when the cancer spreads to distant organs. Early detection and treatment also mean less invasive procedures, shorter recovery times, and better outcomes overall.
Detecting skin cancer early enables prompt treatment, reducing the risk of the cancer spreading. For non-melanoma skin cancers, early treatment often involves simple outpatient procedures with minimal scarring. For melanoma, early intervention can prevent the need for more aggressive treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.
Conducting regular self-examinations is one of the most effective ways to detect skin cancer early. By checking your skin monthly, you can catch abnormal changes and consult a healthcare professional before the cancer progresses. Here are the steps for self-examination -
1. Examine Your Entire Body: Use a mirror to check all areas of your body, including your face, neck, arms, legs, back, and even hard-to-see places like your scalp and the soles of your feet.
2. Look for Changes: Pay attention to any moles or spots that are changing in size, shape, or color.
3. Document Changes: Keep a record of your skin’s appearance, and take photos if necessary to track any changes over time.
4. Frequency: Perform a self-exam at least once a month, especially if you’re at higher risk for skin cancer.
While self-exams are essential, professional skin cancer screenings by a dermatologist are crucial, especially for individuals at higher risk. Annual skin exams by a dermatologist can help catch skin cancers that you might miss during self-exams. Dermatologists use specialized equipment to detect abnormalities that aren’t visible to the naked eye.
If you notice any changes in your skin, such as new growths, changes in existing moles, or wounds that do not heal, it’s important to consult a dermatologist. Early intervention can prevent the spread of cancer and lead to more effective treatment.
Although skin cancer is common, you can reduce your risk with a few simple preventive measures, such as:
Raising awareness about skin cancer, the importance of skin cancer screening, and the role of early detection can significantly reduce the mortality rate associated with the disease. Schedule your skin cancer screening with Chesapeake Oncology-Hematology Associates today and take the first step toward protecting your skin and your life! Contact us today to learn more.
